(Also, here's some help if you are not sure how to pronounce '-ed' at the end of a verb).
| Positive | Positive Short Form |
| I have played | I've played |
| you have worked | you've worked |
| he has written | he's written |
| she has walked | she's walked |
| it has rained | it's rained |
| we have travelled | we've travelled |
| they have studied | they've studied |
The negative is really simple too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':
| Negative | Negative Short Form |
| I have not eaten breakfast today | I haven't eaten |
| you have not been to Asia | you haven't been |
| he has not seen the new film | he hasn't seen |
| she has not played tennis | she hasn't played |
| it has not snowed this winter | it hasn't snowed |
| we have not slept all night | we haven't slept |
| they have not tried the food | they haven't tried |
To make a question, put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject:
| 'Yes / No' Questions |
| have I missed the bus? |
| have you visited London? |
| has he worked as a waiter before? |
| has she met John? |
| has it been cold this week? |
| have we arrived too early? |
| have they studied English grammar before? |
As you can imagine, for 'wh' questions, we just put the question word before 'have' or 'has':
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